PORADNIK JĘZYKOWY

ISSUE 5 / 2018

ARTICLES AND DISSERTATIONS

  • Piotra Łobacz, Anita Lorenc : Refl ections on the principles of teaching modern phonetics of the Polish language
    Due to the complex interdisciplinary nature of modern phonetic sciences and the development of individual fields of phonetics, it is important to reinterpret some of its crucial aspects. There is still a large collection of phenomena related to the production and perception of speech, which results in the occurrence of certain ambiguous interpretations of phonetic facts and controversies between phonetics and phonology. On their basis, articulatory phonology has been established since the mid-1980s. This proposal, regarding the abstract articulatory gesture with the tools enabling the investigation of articulation as a process (EMA systems), is particularly attractive since it allows a holistic approach to the speech sounds system due to the close relationship between articulation, the image of the speech wave and in particular the mental processes of its reception by the listener. This is important for the phoneticians who teach the pronunciation of individual languages within broadly defined glottodidactics, as well as for speech therapists, who are trained in listening skills at the phonetic (speech sounds) level during classes in the socalled auditory training.
  • Jolanta Panasiuk : A model of describing interactions with people suffering from aphasia.
    The object of this paper is a description of interaction with ill people – ones experiencing speech disorders, called aphasia in the relevant literature, as a result of damage to the central nervous system. The characteristics of the interaction in which people with aphasia take part involves a specific use of three elements: a) a verbalised (text, pathological text) or non-verbal message; b) an utterance about a message (a metatext in two functions: organising the message and defining the meaning of the verbal and non-verbal signs used); c) the sender’s and the recipient’s knowledge of textual and extratextual considerations of interaction (textual, linguistic and situational contexts). The adoption of an interactive approach in research on aphasia permitted the dynamic approach to three categories: text, metatext and context. Cognitive and communicative abilities of people with aphasia were proved through the discovery of the rules of transformation of these categories in the course of interaction.
  • Jagoda Cieszyńska-Rożek, Marta Korendo : Asperger Syndrome – early symptoms of the disorder in social, linguistic, motor and cognitive spheres.

    The diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome has caused many problems for diagnosticians and therapists since the establishment of this nosological unit. Many concepts of rules and criteria for assessing the functioning of people with AS have been born. The increase in the number of cases of children with Asperger Syndrome indicates the need to create effective ways of making early diagnoses, which can become the basis for building effective therapy programmes.

    The authors point to the necessity to observe early stages of children’s development and to notice the symptoms of the disorder. This is often possible for children aged under 24 months. After the child reaches the age of two, the symptoms become very evident, especially in the areas of language and communication, social development, cognitive and manual development.

  • Ewa Wolańska : Language communication disorders in the classical form of Alzheimer’s disease and in its atypical variants.
    This paper provides detailed characteristics of language communication disorders in the classical, i.e. amnestic variant of Alzheimer’s disease – late-onset, and the main contemporarily distinguished atypical variants of AD, such as: the logopenic variant of Alzheimer’s disease (LvAD), the visual variant of Alzheimer’s disease (VvAD), the apraxic variant of Alzheimer’s disease (AvAD), and the frontal variant of Alzheimer’s disease (FvAD). It also points to the lack of appropriate standardised scales useful for assessing linguistic and communicative functions in Polish-speaking patients. A postulate for a proper adaptation of such tools was made with respect to texts created in a foreign cultural and linguistic tradition. The adaptation would include: 1) cultural adaptation, that is adaptation of cultural scripts (behaviour patterns), which influence the shape and dynamics of communication; 2) linguistic adaptation, which allows for the system properties of the Polish language; 3) normalisation, which permits the identification of the relations between the results obtained with the use of the tool and the average results in a given population; 4) confirmation research, which provides for selected variables, such as gender, age or education of the subjects.
  • Marlena Kurowska : Methods of foregrounding the correct semantic, sound and articulatory, and grammatical structure of words in children with cortical speech and language disorders.
    One of the characteristic symptoms of speech and language disorders arising from anatomical injuries and/or CNS dysfunctions is the difficulty in foregrounding the correct form of words. In the process of rehabilitation of children with cortical disorders, it is necessary to take special measures to elicit utterances. This study presents methods permitting easier and quicker recollection of the expected semantic, sound and articulatory, and grammatical form of a word in a given context.
  • Olga Jauer-Niworowska, Natalia Siudzińska, Marzena Stępień : A project of a dictionary for tools of communication for adults with neurogenic speech disorders.
    It is extremely important for the disabled people who have serious difficulties communicating in a phonic language to be able to interact with the environment. The tools and aids available on the market are, however, often beyond an individual user’s financial capacity or are not adapted to the needs of adults. This paper presents the principles for selecting vocabulary to match tools serving the purpose of augmentative and alternative communication as well as the vocabulary and rules for its combination in utterances, which should be introduced at the first, initial, stage of implementing this means of communication. The excerpted vocabulary will be applicable mainly in the case of people with major limitations of communication, who have not used such tools yet (AAC systems) and who have required such a support since recently and as a result of an emergency.

POLISH GRAMMAR

  • Monika Kresa : Posthumous Grammatyka języka polskiego (Grammar of Polish) by Onufry Kopczyński.

REVIEWS

  • Radosław Pawelec : Anna Ryłko-Kurpiewska, Reklama jako sztuka powtórzeń (Advertising as the art of repetition), Gdynia 2016

EXPLANATIONS OF WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

  • Agnieszka Grażul-Luft : Exotic superjedzenie (superfood) and Polish superfood – on internationalism of superfood in Polish

WORDS AND PHRASES