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Olga Jauer-Niworowska,
Danuta Emiluta-Rozya : Theoretical bases of diagnosis and therapy of speech disorders in persons with extrapyramidal system damage/dysfunctions
This paper describes the theoretical bases of diagnosis and therapy of speech disorders in persons
with extrapyramidal system disorders. It demonstrates the influence of the disorders on linguistic and
communication behaviours of patients. The complexity of motor, emotional and cognitive considerations forming their speech are also described here.
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Marlena Kurowska : Speech delay and developmental aphasia in the speech therapist’s practice
Speech delay and developmental aphasia are units of abnormal speech and language development in a
small child. Their first symptoms can appear as early as at the beginning of the linguistic development, i.e. ca. at
the age of 1, and can be quite similar. Differentiating between such units not seldom requires a long and
meticulous speech assessment and a systematic observation of speech and language development
dynamics in a child during the improvement process. It is a difficult task in particular for young and
inexperienced speech therapists who are at the beginning of their career. This paper presents certain
tips which could enable a more precise and correct diagnosis of children’s linguistic and extra-linguistic
behaviours that are characteristic of such units.
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Natalia Siudzińska : Principles of the speech therapy procedure in the case of children with cleft lip and palate
The aim of this paper is to describe the speech therapy procedure in the case of children with cleft lip
and palate, with a particular focus on preventive measures. It discusses the elements of the procedure
that could significantly influence the effects of the therapy in detail. Improperly selected exercises to train
organs of speech or improve breathing will not bring satisfactory effects or can even intensify bad habits.
Complying with the recommendations described in this paper is particularly important in the treatment of children with open nasality.
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Ewa Wolańska : New forms of speech-language pathology therapy as a response to new forms of pharmacotherapy in Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of neurodegenerative
diseases causing progressive and irreversible loss of
neurons in various regions of the brain. It is characterised
by memory deficits and disorders such as aphasia,
apraxia, and agnosia. Cognitive impairment results in
deteriorated functioning of the patient with respect to the
initial condition to the extent debilitating their everyday
functioning. The paper presents the initial results of the
research on new types of medications used to treat AD. If,
after completing clinical trials, it proves that the new
substances stop or significantly slow the progression of
neurodegeneration, physical therapists or various
specialties, including speech-language pathologists, will
deal with a completely new task. This is because in the
face of an extremely difficult therapeutic situation,
resulting from unfavourable prognosis in AD, the patient’s
frequent demotivation, etc., they have endeavoured only to
stabilise the patient’s cognitive functions and
communication capabilities to this date. Now in turn the
therapy’s aim will be to enable the patient to regain a
relative independence through stimulation of the natural
reconstruction of the damaged functions and teaching the
patient how to compensate for the deficits which prove
permanent.
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Joanna Zawadka : Graphetics in the service of speech therapy
This paper presents one of the fields of linguistics,
namely graphetics, and its significance in speech
therapy – both in the theoretical and practical
dimensions. Based on literature review, the author
summarises the findings regarding the object and scope
of graphetics and describes its two main areas: visual
graphetics and mechanical graphetics. Graphetics is the
necessary component of the linguistic bases of speech
therapy. The selected examples of language
communication disorders by means of writing presented
in this paper demonstrate a variety of the difficulties
experienced by a person in the face of which the
knowledge of graphetics permits a better understanding
and definition of the problems and, consequently, an
indication of the possible ways of providing a suitable
aid.
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Anita Lorenc : The place of articulation of the Polish lateral. A study using electromagnetic articulography
The fi rst part of this paper presents the lateral
consonant in the classifi catory framework of the
International Phonetic Association (IPA). The concept of
the lateral approximant is defi ned on the basis of the
sound’s articulatory features and its most frequent
variants occurring in various languages of the world. In
this context, the results of instrumental phonetic
research on the Polish lateral are discussed.
The remainder of the paper reports on a study of
the Polish lateral that was conducted by the authors
with the use the electro-magnetic articulograph (EMA), a
technique which had never been used before in the
description of this Polish sound. The report contains
details of the speakers recorded for the purpose of the
study, the examined language material, the
articulograph, as well as the criteria of articulatory
segmentation and analysis. The results of the
investigation show that the place of articulation of the
Polish lateral was postalveolar in 65.71% and alveolar in
35.29% of the analysed cases. The concluding part of
the paper confronts the obtained data with the state of
research on the place of articulation of Polish /l/.
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Beata Ciecierska-Zajdel : Sounds [ś, ź, ć, ʒ́] as realised by students of the University of Warsaw. A sociolinguistic approach
The subject of this paper is disorders in the
realisation of middle-tongue dentalised phonemes
among students of the University of Warsaw. The author
analyses the irregularities [ś, ź, ć, ʒ́] frequency in
spontaneous speech and in the text read out loud and
the impact of social factors (home region, size of the
locality, parents’ education) and biological factors (age,
sex) on the popularisation of the deformed
pronunciation. The relation between the tendency for
the deformed pronunciation of soft dentalised sounds
and the command of foreign languages is also subject to
observation.
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Katarzyna Bieńkowska,
Natalia Siudzińska,
Marzena Stępień : The application of a semantic and lexical fi eld network in a therapeutic programme serving the purpose of language formation. Proposition
The theoretical reflection on speech and language
disorders called e.g. alalia, speech underdevelopment of
cortical origin, aphasia in children, or specific language
impairment was devoted a lot of space in the relevant
literature. However, there are no therapeutic
programmes or tools to aid speech therapists shape the
language system in a child in an organised and
consistent manner. The paper presents the attempts
made to this date in order to create such a programme
and theoretical assumptions of the author’s original
proposition of such a therapy. The order and method of
introducing individual language structures are specified
and it is shown that vocabulary development with the
simultaneous application and integration of various
grammatical structures is more effective than
introduction of vocabulary in isolation from such
structures.
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Katarzyna Bieńkowska : Adaptation of the Integrated Scale of Development (ISD) to the needs of the Polish language
The Integrated Scale of Development (ISD) is a
questionnaire used in 30 countries in the world in order
to assess speech development in cochlear-implanted
children. The aim of this study is to estimate the
usefulness of this questionnaire in assessing speech
development in Polish-speaking children and to describe
the adaptation process and the related difficulties. The
research conducted in a group of 193 hearing children
allowed the ascertainment that the ISD version adapted
to the specificity of the phonology, morphology and
syntax of the tested language is a universal tool. The
results can be used to study the level of language skills
of normal-hearing children, hearing-impaired children –
to compare them with a given language standard, and to
compare the results of the therapy of hearing-impaired
children to the results of research carried out in other
languages. At the same time, the experience gained
during the process of ISD adjustment to the Polish
language can be used while adjusting this scale to other
Slavic languages.
