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Marzanna Uździcka,
Rafał Zarębski : The role of epistolography in teaching the history of the Polish language at universities (on the margin of a new selection of texts for the history of the Polish language, which is in the course of preparation)
This paper overviews a specially selected
presentation of Polish epistolography collected in a
selection of texts prepared as part of the research project
(no. 0089/FNiTP/H11/08/2011) Teksty do historii
używania języka narodowego z aneksami (Texts for the
history of using the national language with annexes),
pursued under supervision of Prof. dr hab. Marek
Cybulski, in the context of the role of this type of sources
in teaching the history of the Polish language at
universities. The authors of this paper assume that in
the face of continuous and deepening deprecation of that
subject and manifestation of disinterest in or even
reluctance for studying the difficult issues of the history
of language, an anthology of source texts prepared in
a manner attractive in terms of erudition and materials
could encourage students to explore the subject matter
of the history of language. A special place in such
a selection is given to correspondence. Hence, a corpus
of circa a hundred of private and official letters from the
period from the 15th to 21st century, which certify both
model genre realisation and variant approaches, were
prepared as part of the project. Based on the collected
letters, the evolution of the old graphy, realisation of
phonetic phenomena, and formation of the grammatical
system can be demonstrated during classes in the history
of language. It might be extremely interesting for students
to demonstrate the impact of external considerations on
pragmalinguistic phenomena regarding communication
competence, genology and linguistic etiquette.
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Anna Ciołek : Participial elliptical clauses in letters by C.K. Norwid
This paper is dedicated to an analysis of syntactic
structures with uninflected participles in C. K. Norwid’s
correspondence. The research has shown that the poet
used participial elliptical clauses (imiesłowowy
równoważnik zdania) consciously, in compliance with
the standard applicable in the second half of the 19th c.
The analysis was carried out based on the criterion of time
relation preservation. Statements comprising present
participles express an action performed at the same time
as the action expressed in the main clause, while perfect
participles in Norwid’s correspondence usually express
an action preceding the action expressed in the main
clause or, occasionally, the following one. Rare cases of
using p.e.c. where the principle of time relation
preservation was breached were recorded. A significant
criterion for the discussed structures is their semantic
function arising from the possibility to transform p.e.c.
into an adverbial clause. This criterion of division has
proved that structures fulfilling the function of time and
causal clauses are most frequent. The high frequency of
participles brings Norwid’s correspondence close to the
literary genre.
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Paulina Michalska-Górecka : Inny (different) in the eyes of the 16th-century Poles (reconnaissance)
The aim of this paper is an attempt to demonstrate
who the 16th-century Poles living in a multi-ethnic
and multi-religious country called inny (different) and
an attempt to prove that the meaning of this lexeme
expands under the influence of political and territorial
transformations. In the 16th century, inny is not only
‘not this one, not such’, the meaning of this lexeme gets
closer to the meaning of the lexeme obcy (strange),
understood as ‘being from outside a given community
(nation, culture)’, or of the lexeme apostata (an apostate)
defined as ‘a dropout, a dissenter from the faith’. The rich
lexicographic material of Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku
(Dictionary of the 16th-century Polish language)
documenting the use of the adjective inny shows that,
despite the ethnic and cultural as well as religious
diversity of the large country, these notations refer
mainly to religious issues. It can be inferred from the
analysed material that religious diversity was more visible
in the everyday life of a 16th-century Pole than ethnic
diversity.
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Izabela Kępka : The viewpoint versus linguistic valuation of God in Sonety i inne wiersze (Sonnets and other poems) by Hieronim Kajsiewicz
This paper is dedicated to the issue of linguistic
valorisation of God in Sonety i inne wiersze (Sonnets and
other poems) by Hieronim Kajsiewicz. The works published
in Paris in 1833 come from the period when the author’s
religious views were formed.
In this paper, I am using Jadwiga Puzynina’s
valuation concept dependent on the changing viewpoint of
the lyrical I.
The analysis has shown that the works coming from
the period preceding the author’s conversion create God
as weak and lonely in His heaven. God – Creator loses
His attributes of the only, omnipotent and immortal God
in the poetry from before the author’s conversion.
A believer valorises God as the greatest good,
the centre of the universe, light. Positive valuation of
the Creator is related to His goodness and mercy. For
a faithful Pole living in the Romantic era, the highest
value of God is being the Saviour of the Polish nation.
The linguistic devices serving the purpose of
valuating God from both viewpoints is strongly expressive
lexis and metaphors aimed at persuasive impact on
the addressee, willingness to persuade him or her into
the sender’s views.
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Justyna Walczak : Jacek Przybylski’s translation practice in light of the n-tuple cultural and linguistic fi ltration theory
This paper aims at indicating sources of translation
difficulties and describing Jacek Przybylski’s translation
techniques. The analysis was performed with the
instruments of the n-tuple cultural and linguistic filtration
theory, an analytical method developed by the author as
part of linguistic research on translatability of language
games. The material base comprised 84 textual attempts
from Jacek Przybylski’s translation. The results of the
analysis clearly demonstrate that most translation
interferences occur as early as at the stage of
transferisation. The most common cause of the
interferences is the inability to convey the form and
meaning of a given game. In the situation of relative
untranslatability, the translator’s priority is to reconstruct
the language game reflecting the source semantics. In the
majority of cases, Przybylski manages to find a way to
introduce a language game to his translation. The source of
omission is normally allusions to sex, which are an
extremely strongly tabooed element. Phonic linguistic
phenomena, such as homophony or tautograms, also cause
many difficulties to the translator. The result of the analysis
is a description of the techniques used by Jacek Przybylski,
who stands out by his high linguistic competence and
awareness of the possibility to modify the translation
linguistically. The translation techniques applied by
Przybylski are operations used also in the contemporary
translation studies.
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Marcin Jakubczyk : French and Polish lexicography until the end of the 17th century
This paper discusses the history of compiling French
and Polish in seven, more and less extensive and still
insufficiently explored, multi-language lexicons published
over the 16th and 17th centuries. All these works contain
the compiled Polish and French vocabulary, placed among
words originating from other modern languages, as well as
from classical languages. This means that the source
language in the majority of the analysed dictionaries is
neither Polish nor French, but Latin (with the exception of
the dictionary by Mesgnien-Meniński, the guide by Miselli
and Gazophylacium by Ch. Warmer). The analysed
publications include large dictionaries (Calepinus,
Megiser, Mesgnien), but also, for instance, phrasebooks
published in a pocket-sized format (Hexaglosson). This
paper proves that not all works considered dictionaries
to date may be called so (in particular Orbis pictus
by Comenius, Il Burattino veridico by Miselli and
Gazophylacium by Warmer) because they represent
a completely different type of publications (a textbook,
itinerarium and phrasebook). What follows is that certain
statements regarding qualifications of specific works
containing a linguistic material, which are established
in academic research, should be subject to revision and
verification.
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Sylwia Przęczek-Kisielak : Intra-dialectal diversifi cation in Lesser Poland in the 14th and 15th centuries – on the basis of judicial oath formulas
This paper is based on the material of the judicial
oath formulas of the 14th and 15th centuries from the area
of central Lesser Poland (Krakowskie region) and northern
Lesser Poland (Sandomierskie, Chęcińskie, Radomskie
regions). The thesis material was excerpted for the
purpose of analysing selected linguistic (mainly phonetic)
characteristics of judicial oath formulas from Lesser
Poland and finding an answer to the question about
the pronunciation characteristic of that province in the
14th and 15th centuries as well as about internal
diversification of the Lesser Polish dialect. On this basis,
it was possible to identify dialectal differences at three
levels: characteristics differentiating Lesser Poland from
other provinces, differences between central and northern
Lesser Poland, and finally dialectal pronunciation
diversities among people living in northern Lesser Poland –
lands only: Sandomierska, Chęcińska and Radomska.
