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Adam Pawłowski : The linguistic landscape of today’s Poland: Polish, foreign languages, minority languages
The situation of contemporary Polish is good. The
language develops steadily in favourable legal, educational,
scientific, and technological environments. The greatest
language changes in Poland after 1945 include
unprecedented standardisation of the public language. The
situation of very few minority languages does not give rise to
controversies. The command of foreign languages
(particularly English) is increasingly better, which might
result in revival of multilingualism in Poland.
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Marian Bugajski : Onufry Kopczyński’s concept of language culture
The aim of this paper is to collect and characterise
Onufry Kopczyński’s prescriptive views, which are dispersed
across his works, in particular grammar books. There are
numerous studies regarding this grammarian; it is known
that his scientific and teaching activity had a major influence
on the shape of and attitudes towards Polish, yet no
synthesis of his assumptions has been made. This paper
presents the assumptions in a descriptive manner, and its
summary is a synthetic itemised enumeration of the
principles which, in the scholar’s opinion, should form the
theory and practice of oral and written communication.
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Alicja Witalisz : Evaluation criteria of proper use of Anglicisms in professional jargons
Contrary to English loans used in Standard Polish,
which have been well-researched in studies on English-Polish
language contact, Anglicisms used in Polish professional
jargons have been neglected by researchers, despite their
steadily growing numbers evidenced by the preliminary
research carried out for the purposes of the present study.
The aim of the article is to verify the usefulness of the
available criteria that help decide whether a lexical innovation
is in agreement with language norm, for the normative
assessment of professional Anglicisms. One other aim is to
enrich the existing list of criteria with other normative
determinants, such as semantic precision, pragmatic
function, international status of specialised terminology, and
the hermetic nature of a professional group. Anglicisms have
been excerpted from four professional jargons, whose choice
has been determined by their diversity and the hermetic
nature of the professional group.
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Jadwiga Waniakowa : Language norm in the teaching practice. Opinions of students of foreign philologies on the norm of Polish
This paper is underlain by the teaching experiences
gained while running classes for students of foreign
philologies, who will be translators/interpreters not only from
Polish into a foreign language but also from a foreign
language into Polish, and therefore need to be well-familiar
with the grammatical rules of Polish and apply them. This
text is dedicated to a range of vital problems, which have
emerged at the classes. They include: the issue of
changeability (evolution) of the norm over time, the relation
between the norm and usage and the language system; the
issue of the extent to which textbooks on proper language use
and online advice of this kind reflect the contemporary norm.
There are also the emerging questions about the consistency
between the contemporary norm and the language system (in
particular in the historical aspect of language), and about the
accuracy of the prescriptive findings. Student show keen
interest in all these problems, ask logical questions, often
seek answers to them on their own, engage in debates, and
boldly express their own judgments. Students’ approach to
the discussed issues demonstrates, firstly, their sensitivity to
departures from the language norm, secondly, their attitude
to prescriptive guidance, and thirdly, the state of their
language awareness.
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Agnieszka Banaszkiewicz : Language awareness among youth – selected issues
This paper falls into the category of language culture.
The aim of the study was to test 13-year-old youth’s language
awareness in terms of developing their own language skills,
proper speaking, and declared language model. The
methodology covered a survey supported with an interview
questionnaire and inspection of internal documents of the
school where the survey was conducted. The analysis of the
responses given by 115 students showed that a majority (ca.
80%) of the school youth liked speaking, were able to specify
which speaking could be called “nice”, had a declared
language authority, although it not always corresponded to
linguists’ expectations. Fewer than a half of them (ca. 40%)
had a positive attitude to activities developing language skills,
saw the point in further improvement, and had some
knowledge of how it could be achieved. The most common
language model was members of the closest family and
teachers, as well as other students and people known from
the television.
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Ewelina Zając : Comparison of verbal fluency of preschool children and primary school pupils as regards proper names and common words
The verbal fluency test (VFT) is the most popularised
and the simplest tool used for neuropsychological diagnosis.
The number of reports on children’s performance is low in
comparison to the research on adults, and hence interest in
this subject matter. Verbal fluency requires access to the
resources of the lexical long-term memory, efficiency of the
processes of extracting information from it, and effectiveness
of action: executive functions, top-down attention function,
and working memory, which coordinate and monitor the
execution process. The aim of this paper is to present the
results and to analyse the research on semantic (categorical)
verbal fluency regarding proper names and common words in
7-year-old children and year 1 and 3 primary school pupils
with no neurological disorders, within the intellectual norm.
The age of the examined children is particularly significant
because the results of the test imply both the lexical capacity
of a child leaving their preschool, who should be fully
prepared for beginning their school education, and a child
starting their primary school, as well as a child who finishes
their 1st educational stage and is at the border of a
curriculum jump. The study is aimed to present the
difference in the lexical resource of the individual groups of
examined children. The semantic verbal fluency test concerns
the ability to update words from a given semantic category –
broad and narrow in terms of nomina propria and nomina
appellativa.
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Krzysztof Waśkowski : Compounds in the language of the novel Drzewiej (In the Old Days) by Władysław Orkan as lexical and semantic games
The object of this paper is compounds found in the
novel Drzewiej (In the Old Days) by Władysław Orkan, such as
przerwa-potok, that is pairs of hyphenated lexemes. I assume
that the concentration of this type of linguistic means,
elements of the artistic expression in a text with clearly
modernistic linguistic and literary characteristics is a
manifestation of a lexical and semantic game played
consciously by the text sender and recipient. As a result of
the analysis of the contexts in which individual compounds
occur, semantics of the lexical units building structures, and
with the use of the category of language-game, which was
introduced to linguistics by Ludwig Wittgenstein and
popularised, among others, by Ewa Jędrzejko, I made an
attempt to identify the writer’s motivation to use such
expressions. The interpretation of the linguistic material
permitted the generalisation providing that compounds were
applied for the purpose of building the mood and emotionality
of the text, enriching the descriptions of the represented
world, characterisation, and his text-forming strategies.
